Hydrocarbon Based Fracturing Fluids

Hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluids are used to stimulate water sensitive formations. These formations contain a high percent-age of clays that may migrate or swell in the presence of water or brine. Hydrocarbon-based fluids do not adversely affect formation clays and are considered non-damaging in that regard.

Gelling Agents

HGA-37

Phosphate ester based gelling agent

Phosphate ester based gelling agent for diesel, kerosene or crude. Used with HGA-44 or HGA-48 activators. Gelled hydrocarbons are stable to 250°F (121°C). Normal concentration range is 5-10 gal/1000 gallons of hydrocarbon (5-10 L/mᵌ).

HGA-70

Concentrated phosphate ester based gelling agent

Concentrated phosphate ester based gelling agent for diesel, kerosene or crude oils stable over 300°F (149°C). Most active gelling agent manufactured by Clearwater and is used with HGA-48, HGA-61, HGA-S61, or HGA-65 activators. Normal concentration range is 3-10 gal/1000 gallons of hydrocarbon (3-10 L/mᵌ).

Activators / Cross-Linkers

HGA 44

Organo-metallic complex cross-linker

Organo-metallic complex cross-linker that rapidly releases its metal hydroxide for cross-linking HGA-37 up to 250°F (121°C). Normal concentration range is 5-10 gal/1000 gallons of hydrocarbon (5-10 L/mᵌ).

HGA 48

Organo-metallic complex

Organo-metallic complex that functions as a cross-linker for hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluids. Used with HGA-37, HGA-70, or HGA-702 depending on the type of hydrocarbon. Temperature range is over 300°F (149°C). Normal concentration range is 5-10 gal/1000 gallons of hydrocarbon (5-10 L/mᵌ).

Breakers

OMS

highly concentrated (70% active) oil-based slurry

Proprietary, highly concentrated (70% active) oil-based slurry used to break hydrocarbon gels. Effective temperature range from 40-300°F (4-149°C). Normal concentrations vary from 0.25 to 1.0 gal/1000 gallons (0.25-1.0 L/mᵌ).